Synergistic combination of natural deep eutectic solvent and chemical vapor generation for trace determination of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in drug samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Sergio J. Abellán-Martín; Jorge Pérez; Fernanda C. Pinheiro; Joaquim A. Nóbrega; Miguel Ángel Aguirre; Lorena Vidal; Antonio Canals

Advances in Sample Preparation (Aug 2023)

Synergistic combination of natural deep eutectic solvent and chemical vapor generation for trace determination of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in drug samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Sergio J. Abellán-Martín,
Jorge Pérez,
Fernanda C. Pinheiro,
Joaquim A. Nóbrega,
Miguel Ángel Aguirre,
Lorena Vidal,
Antonio Canals

Affiliations

Sergio J. Abellán-Martín: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Sciences and University Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
Jorge Pérez: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Sciences and University Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
Fernanda C. Pinheiro: Department of Chemistry, ICEX, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Joaquim A. Nóbrega: Group for Applied Instrumental Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, P.O. Box 676, São Carlos, SP, 13560-270, Brazil
Miguel Ángel Aguirre: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Sciences and University Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain; Corresponding authors.
Lorena Vidal: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Sciences and University Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
Antonio Canals: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Sciences and University Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain; Corresponding authors.

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 7
p. 100084

Abstract

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A new and environmentally friendly analytical method for simultaneous determination of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in drug samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) has been developed. In order to increase the sensitivity of the analysis, a multinebulizer has been used for chemical vapor generation (CVG) after a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure using a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) as extractant solvent. The factors affecting analyte extraction and on-line chemical vapor generation have been optimized by multivariate analysis. Under optimized conditions, DLLME-CVG-ICP OES improved limit of quantitation (LOQ) values on average 50-fold higher compared with direct ICP OES analysis and afforded an increase of the sensitivity (i.e., enrichment factor) on average 25-times higher than those obtained with CVG-ICP OES analysis. According to the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) Chapter 232, it means LOQ values are on average 4.3-times lower than their respective 0.3J values for the target-elements from class 1. Trueness has been evaluated by recovery experiments following USP recommendations for two oral drug samples in solid dosage form (i.e., commercial dosage tablets). In addition, the greenness of the developed method has been evaluated using the AGREEprep metrics, showing an excellent green character since it includes the miniaturization of the sample preparation procedure using a reduced volume (i.e., few microliters) of a non-hazardous extractant solvent for multielemental analysis.

Published in Advances in Sample Preparation

ISSN: 2772-5820 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: Netherlands
LCC subjects: Science: Chemistry
Website: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/advances-in-sample-preparation

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