Рослинництво та ґрунтознавство (Aug 2021)
Influence of farming and tillage systems on available moisture reserves of common chernozem for spring wheat cultivation
Abstract
Numerous studies by Ukrainian and foreign scientists have proven that one of the limiting factors for obtaining stable crop yields is the reserves of productive moisture in the soil, especially during critical periods of their growth and development. The article presents the results of research on the influence of three farming systems – industrial (control), organic and biological and four variants of basic tillage – ploughing by 20-22 cm (control), chiselling by 20-22 cm, disking by 10-12 cm, disking by 6-8 cm on the reserves of productive moisture in the soil for growing spring durum wheat. The results of the research revealed that the highest moisture reserves in the meter thickness of the soil during the sowing period were obtained by combining the biological system of agriculture and chisel tillage, which made it possible to accumulate 199.1 mm in 2018, 179.6 mm in 2019 and 159.9 mm in 2020 of available moisture in the soil. The use of chisel cultivation in combination with industrial and organic farming systems also proved to be beneficial in all years of observation over combinations of ploughing and both variants of disking with these systems. During the growing season in all studied farming systems, no-till farming (chiselling and disking) provided the highest reserves of available moisture in the soil. However, the combination of an organic farming system with 20-22 cm chiselling should be considered the optimal option, which provided 74.0 mm of moisture for the flowering period in 2018, 93.7 and 90.9 mm in 2019 and 90.9 mm in 2020, and during the harvesting period, these figures were 61.0, 67.7 and 61.6 mm, respectively. The yield of spring durum wheat grain in this variant was essentially the highest in the experiment and amounted to 4.6, 6.7 and 5.6 t/ha, respectively
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