String Invention, Viable 3-3-1 Model, Dark Matter Black Holes

Abstract

With our very limited memories, we provide a brief review of Paul Frampton’s memories of the discovery of the Veneziano model, with this indeed being string theory, with Y. Nambu, and, secondly, his 3-3-1 theory. The latter is, indeed, a non-excluded replacement for the Standard Model with triangle anomalies being cancelled, as they must in a truly viable theory. It even needs (essentially) three as the family number! Moreover, primordial black holes as dark matter is mentioned. We end with a review of my own very speculative, utterly recent idea that for the purpose of the classical approximation, we could, using the functional integral as our rudimentary assumption taken over from quantum mechanics, obtain the equations of motion without the, in our opinion, very mysterious imaginary unit i, which usually occurs as a factor in the exponent of the functional integrand, which is this i times the action. The functional integral without the mysterious i leads to the prediction of some of the strongest features in cosmology, and also seems to argue for as few black holes as possible and for the cosmological constant being zero.

Keywords

• string theory
• invention of string
• dual models
• quantumfield theory
• gauge theories
• 3-3-1 model