Национальный психологический журнал (Jun 2024)
Competence in the Context of Subject-Environment Interactions: Experience of Theoretical Comprehension
Abstract
Background. The relevance of this article is substantiated by the high interest of specialists in the field of subject-environment interactions in finding answers to questions about the abilities of the subject to interact with the spatial environment of everyday life, taking into account the psychological resourcefulness of this environment, with a focus on the potential of the spatial conditions of the living environment to ensure positive psychological functioning. Objectives. The article attempts to theoretically substantiate the possibility of using the “competence” construct in order to analyze subject-environment interactions. Methods. The analysis and systematization of theoretical and empirical research in the field of phenomenology of the subject-environment interaction was carried out (G.A. Kovalev, S.K. Nartova-Bochaver, V.I. Panov, etc.) with the focus on the possibility of referring to the methodology of the resource approach in psychology (N.E. Vodopyanova, D.A. Leontiev, V.I. Morosanova, E.A. Sergienko, V.A. Tolochek, S.A. Khazova, etc.), as well as in the field of ecopsychology of everyday life (S.E. Gabidulina, T.V. Drobysheva, A.L. Zhuravleva, O.A. Kaptsevich , S.K. Nartova-Bochaver, I.S. Samoshkina, T.V. Semenova, etc.). Results. Theoretical approaches are singled out, within the framework of which the interaction in the “environment-subject” system is operationalized with an emphasis, firstly, on the potential conditions of the spatial environment, secondly, on the individual psychological possibilities of the subject, in particular, the ability to be the subject of mental activity in determining resourcefulness of spatial environment in everyday life. The research in the field of determining the construct of “psychological resources” was analyzed as well as research connected with the description of psychological resourcefulness for the different types of living environment: urban, living, professional. The research directions of interactions between potential conditions of spatial environment of everyday life and subjectional possibilities of using these conditions as the psychological resource for optimization of psychological functioning were determined. The appeal to the construct of “competence” as a promising theoretical and applied direction of research in the field of the relationship between the subject and the spatial environment of everyday life is indicated. Conclusions. Considering statements of environmental psychology, ecopsycology of development, everyday life psychology, as well as being based on an opportunity to consider spatial environment of everyday life as a resource that is directed to the optimization of psychological well-being of the subject, it is proposed to consider competence in subject-environment interactions as the ability of the subject to transform conditions or potential of the spatial environment of everyday life into psychological resource, necessary to maintain optimal functioning.
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