Androgen receptor increases hematogenous metastasis yet decreases lymphatic metastasis of renal cell carcinoma

Abstract

The incidence of renal cell carcinoma is higher in males than in females due to the different androgen receptor signaling but the molecular mechanisms behind this gender bias are unclear. Here the authors show how androgen receptor expression influences the metastatic route through the regulation of miR-185 and VEGF isoforms.