Gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: Risk factors and prophylactic treatments for prevention of peritoneal recurrence after curative intent surgery

Abstract

Abstract Aim Relapse after curative treatment for advanced gastric cancer, and especially peritoneal recurrence, is very common and has a dismal prognosis. The aim of this review is to summarize existing evidence regarding risk factors and prophylactic treatments intending to prevent peritoneal recurrence. Methods A structured search of relevant studies was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Results The main risk factors identified are advanced pathological T‐stage (pT ≥ 3), regional lymph node involvement, diffuse/poorly cohesive type tumor, poorly differentiated cancer, and positive peritoneal wash cytology. Systemic chemotherapy in the perioperative or adjuvant setting improves survival for the patients but despite this peritoneal recurrence remains a common and yet an unsolved clinical problem. Different approaches of intraperitoneal chemotherapy such as hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy have shown promising results as prophylactic treatments aiming to prevent peritoneal recurrence. Conclusion Future studies are warranted to find safe and effective treatments to prevent peritoneal recurrence.

Keywords

• gastrectomy
• peritoneal neoplasms
• risk factors and chemoprevention
• stomach neoplasms