Sodium–Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

Abstract

Background: Several studies have shown that sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitors can be used in the treatment of heart failure. This article summarized systematic reviews of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitors in the treatment of heart failure in order to evaluate efficacy and safety. Methods: We systematically searched eight electronic databases from inception to July 2023. We used Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 to evaluate the methodological quality, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 to assess report quality, Risk of Bias in Systematic Review to assess the risk of bias, and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation to rate the quality of evidence. Outcome: A total of 36 systematic reviews were included. Our results were classified as clear evidence of benefit: hospitalization for heart failure; possible benefit: cardiovascular death (mortality) and renal outcome composite; clear evidence of no effect or equivalence: atrial arrhythmias, ventricular arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, and hypotension; possible harm: genital infection; insufficient evidence to draw a conclusion: atrial flutter, major adverse cardiovascular events, urinary tract infection, acute kidney injury, hypoglycemia, and bone fracture. Conclusions: Sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitors are beneficial for the treatment of heart failure, especially in terms of heart failure hospitalization.

Keywords

• Sodium–Glucose Transporter 2 inhibitors
• heart failure
• systematic review