Environmental Safety Assessments of Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Lambda-Cyhalothrin

Catarina Ganilho; Márcia Bessa da Silva; Cristiana Paiva; Thacilla Ingrid de Menezes; Mayara Roncaglia dos Santos; Carlos M. Pereira; Ruth Pereira; Tatiana Andreani

doi:10.3390/nano12152576

Nanomaterials (Jul 2022)

Environmental Safety Assessments of Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Lambda-Cyhalothrin

Catarina Ganilho,
Márcia Bessa da Silva,
Cristiana Paiva,
Thacilla Ingrid de Menezes,
Mayara Roncaglia dos Santos,
Carlos M. Pereira,
Ruth Pereira,
Tatiana Andreani

Affiliations

Catarina Ganilho: GreenUPorto, Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & INOV4AGRO, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Márcia Bessa da Silva: GreenUPorto, Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & INOV4AGRO, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Cristiana Paiva: GreenUPorto, Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & INOV4AGRO, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Thacilla Ingrid de Menezes: Chemistry Research Centre (CIQUP) & Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Mayara Roncaglia dos Santos: Chemistry Research Centre (CIQUP) & Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Carlos M. Pereira: Chemistry Research Centre (CIQUP) & Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Ruth Pereira: GreenUPorto, Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & INOV4AGRO, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Tatiana Andreani: GreenUPorto, Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & INOV4AGRO, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12152576
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 12, no. 15
p. 2576

Abstract

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Lipid nanoparticles (LN) composed of biodegradable lipids and produced by green methods are candidates for the encapsulation of pesticides, potentially contributing to decreasing their release in the environment. From a safety-by-design concept, this work proposes LN for the encapsulation of insecticide active ingredients (AI). However, given the complexity of nanoparticles, ecotoxicological studies are often controversial, and a detailed investigation of their effects on the environment is required. Accordingly, this work aimed to produce and characterize LN containing the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (LC) and evaluate their safety to crops (Solanum lycopersicum and Zea mays), soil invertebrates (Folsomia candida and Eisenia fetida), and soil microbial parameters. The average particle size for LN-loaded with LC (LN–LC) was 165.4 ± 2.34 nm, with narrow size distribution and negative charge (−38.7 ± 0.954 mV). LN were able to encapsulate LC with an entrapment efficacy of 98.44 ± 0.04%, maintaining the stability for at least 4 months. The LN–LC showed no risk to the growth of crops and reproduction of the invertebrates. The effect on microbial parameters showed that the activity of certain soil microbial parameters can be inhibited or stimulated by the presence of LN at highest concentrations, probably by changing the pH of soil or by the intrinsic properties of LN.

Published in Nanomaterials

ISSN: 2079-4991 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Science: Chemistry
Website: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nanomaterials

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