Membranes (Jul 2019)

Thermodynamic Insights for Electrochemical Hydrogen Compression with Proton-Conducting Membranes

  • Benjamin L. Kee,
  • David Curran,
  • Huayang Zhu,
  • Robert J. Braun,
  • Steven C. DeCaluwe,
  • Robert J. Kee,
  • Sandrine Ricote

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes9070077
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 9, no. 7
p. 77

Abstract

Read online

Membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) based on proton-conducting electrolyte membranes offer opportunities for the electrochemical compression of hydrogen. Mechanical hydrogen compression, which is more-mature technology, can suffer from low reliability, noise, and maintenance costs. Proton-conducting electrolyte membranes may be polymers (e.g., Nafion) or protonic-ceramics (e.g., yttrium-doped barium zirconates). Using a thermodynamics-based analysis, the paper explores technology implications for these two membrane types. The operating temperature has a dominant influence on the technology, with polymers needing low-temperature and protonic-ceramics needing elevated temperatures. Polymer membranes usually require pure hydrogen feed streams, but can compress H 2 efficiently. Reactors based on protonic-ceramics can effectively integrate steam reforming, hydrogen separation, and electrochemical compression. However, because of the high temperature (e.g., 600 ° C) needed to enable viable proton conductivity, the efficiency of protonic-ceramic compression is significantly lower than that of polymer-membrane compression. The thermodynamics analysis suggests significant benefits associated with systems that combine protonic-ceramic reactors to reform fuels and deliver lightly compressed H 2 (e.g., 5 bar) to an electrochemical compressor using a polymer electrolyte to compress to very high pressure.

Keywords