Prevalence of Depression and Its Associated Factors Among Hemodialysis Patients in Hodeida City, Yemen

Abstract

Sameer A Alkubati,1,2 Khaled M Al-Sayaghi,3,4 Basma Salameh,5 Abdulsalam M Halboup,6,7 Waled AM Ahmed,8 Mohannad J. Alkuwaisi,1 Mohamed A Zoromba9,10 1Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Nursing, Hodeida University, Hodeida, Yemen; 3Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Taibah University, Al‐Madinah Al‐Munawarah, Saudi Arabia; 4Nursing Division, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen; 5Department of Nursing, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine; 6Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Science and Technology, Sana’a, Yemen; 7Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; 8Community Health Nursing Department, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia; 9Department of Nursing, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; 10Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptCorrespondence: Abdulsalam M Halboup, Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Science and Technology, Sana’a, Yemen, Tel [phone], Email [email protected]: Depression has a negative impact on the health outcomes of hemodialysis (HD) patients, including decreased quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among HD patients in Hodeida city, Yemen.Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 200 HD patients at the Dialysis Center in Hodeida was conducted from February to May 2022. Data on depression were collected using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Association of sociodemographic characteristics of patients with depression were assessed using chi-square, subsequently by multivariable logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at P-values < 0.05.Results: The response rate was 98% (200/204). Depression was prevalent among 63% of HD patients at the Dialysis Center in Hodeida city. Sex was significantly associated with depression, where female patients were more frequently depressed than males (82.4% vs 56.4%, P < 0.001). In addition, employment status and medical insurance were significantly associated with depression, where unemployed patients were more frequently depressed than employed patients (67.6% vs 52.5%, P = 0.041) and patients with medical insurance were less frequently depressed than their counterparts (47.1% vs 66.3%, P = 0.035).Conclusion: Depression is highly prevalent among HD patients in Hodeida city. Female sex, unemployment and lack of medical insurance are predictors of depression among HD patients. These findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions.Implications for practice: Depression is common among HD patients, so that, psychiatric physicians and nurses are increasingly needed in HD centers to implement mental health assessment of patients for depression signs and symptoms to help in early diagnosis and management of depression in order to improve patients’ quality of life and preventing negative outcomes.Keywords: depression, end-stage renal disease, hemodialysis, patient health questionnaire, PHQ-9, Yemen

Keywords

• depression
• end-stage renal disease
• hemodialysis
• patient health questionnaire
• phq-9
• yemen