Knockdown of the Sodium/Potassium ATPase Subunit Beta 2 Reduces Egg Production in the Dengue Vector, <i>Aedes aegypti</i>

Abstract

The Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) is present in the cellular membrane of most eukaryotic cells. It utilizes energy released by ATP hydrolysis to pump sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, which establishes and controls ion gradients. Functional NKA pumps consist of three subunits, alpha, beta, and FXYD. The alpha subunit serves as the catalytic subunit while the beta and FXYD subunits regulate the proper folding and localization, and ion affinity of the alpha subunit, respectively. Here we demonstrate that knockdown of NKA beta subunit 2 mRNA (nkaβ2) reduces fecundity in female Ae. aegypti. We determined the expression pattern of nkaβ2 in several adult mosquito organs using qRT-PCR. We performed RNAi-mediated knockdown of nkaβ2 and assayed for lethality, and effects on female fecundity. Tissue expression levels of nkaβ2 mRNA were highest in the ovaries with the fat body, midgut and thorax having similar expression levels, while Malpighian tubules had significantly lower expression. Survival curves recorded post dsRNA injection showed a non-significant decrease in survival of nkaβ2 dsRNA-injected mosquitoes compared to GFP dsRNA-injected mosquitoes. We observed a significant reduction in the number of eggs laid by nkaβ2 dsRNA-injected mosquitoes compared to control mosquitoes. These results, coupled with the tissue expression profile of nkaβ2, indicate that this subunit plays a role in normal female Ae. aegypti fecundity. Additional research needs to be conducted to determine the exact role played by NKAβ2 in mosquito post-blood meal nutrient sensing, transport, yolk precursor protein (YPP) synthesis and yolk deposition.

Keywords

• NKAβ2
• sodium/potassium ATPase
• cationic amino acid transporter
• <i>Aedes aegypti</i>
• nutrient sensor
• fecundity