Influence of skimming of calves with skim milk substitute on physiological condition and productivity
Abstract
The high demand for protein during this period of the calf's life is due to the active growth of muscle tissue, and protein is the structural material of all organs. A lack of protein in the diet of calves contributes to a delay in their growth and an excess to the expenditure of additional energy for the deamination of excess amino acids and the elimination of the corresponding decay products through the excretory system of the body. The younger the calves, the higher the protein level in their diet should be. The work aimed to establish the most effective protein norms in the composition of skim milk substitutes for calves over 65 days of age. The study of the influence of feeding skims milk substitute on calves' physiological state and productivity was carried out on four groups of bulls. All tested skim milk replacers varied in protein content but were almost the same in all nutritional parameters. The main ingredients of skim milk substitutes (ZOM 1) for calves of group I were, %: milk proteins – 70, vegetable proteins (soy + wheat) – 29, vitamin and mineral complex, probiotic culture – 1. For calves of group II (ZOM 2) used,%: milk proteins – 70, vegetable proteins (soy + wheat protein) – 29, vitamin-mineral complex – 1. protein) – 29, vitamin and mineral complex – 1. Studies have shown that skim milk substitutes in calves feeding, containing 20 and 22 % protein in the composition of KR-2 compound feed 10 % by weight, was reflected in the improvement of the morpho-biochemical design of the blood. At the same time, there is a tendency to an increase in the concentration of total protein in the blood serum by 3.1 and 3.3 % with a decrease in the amount of urea by 3.5 and 5.2 %, which made it possible to increase the average daily gain in live weight to 3.1 % while reducing costs feed and its price by 1.5 and 0.9 percent.
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