Microorganisms (Dec 2023)

Methotrexate and Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment Change the Oral–Gut Microbiota in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Cohort Study

  • Sicília Rezende Oliveira,
  • José Alcides Almeida de Arruda,
  • Jôice Dias Corrêa,
  • Valessa Florindo Carvalho,
  • Julliane Dutra Medeiros,
  • Ayda Henriques Schneider,
  • Caio Cavalcante Machado,
  • Letícia Fernanda Duffles,
  • Gabriel da Rocha Fernandes,
  • Débora Cerqueira Calderaro,
  • Mario Taba Júnior,
  • Lucas Guimarães Abreu,
  • Sandra Yasuyo Fukada,
  • Renê Donizeti Ribeiro Oliveira,
  • Paulo Louzada-Júnior,
  • Fernando Queiroz Cunha,
  • Tarcília Aparecida Silva

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010068
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 12, no. 1
p. 68

Abstract

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This study evaluated the changes in the composition of oral–gut microbiota in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) caused by methotrexate (MTX) and non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Assessments were performed at baseline (T0), 6 months after MTX treatment (T1), and 45 days after NSPT (T2). The composition of the oral and gut microbiota was assessed by amplifying the V4 region of the 16S gene from subgingival plaques and stools. The results of the analysis of continuous variables were presented descriptively and non-parametric tests and Spearman’s correlation were adopted. A total of 37 patients (27 with periodontitis) were evaluated at T0; 32 patients (24 with periodontitis) at T1; and 28 patients (17 with periodontitis) at T2. MTX tended to reduce the alpha diversity of the oral–gut microbiota, while NSPT appeared to increase the number of different species of oral microbiota. MTX and NSPT influenced beta diversity in the oral microbiota. The relative abundance of oral microbiota was directly influenced by periodontal status. MTX did not affect the periodontal condition but modified the correlations that varied from weak to moderate (p < 0.05) between clinical parameters and the microbiota. MTX and NSPT directly affected the composition and richness of the oral–gut microbiota. However, MTX did not influence periodontal parameters.

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