Applied Sciences (Sep 2024)
A Study on the Mechanical Resonance Frequency of a Piezo Element: Analysis of Resonance Characteristics and Frequency Estimation Using a Long Short-Term Memory Model
Abstract
In an ultrasonic system, a piezoelectric transducer (PT) is a key component and contains a piezo element inside. In order to design and operate a system that uses a piezo element for its intended purpose, resonance analysis of the piezo element and an equivalent circuit analysis of the output stage of the ultrasonic system generator are required. Due to the characteristics of the equivalent circuit, a piezo element has multiple resonance points. Therefore, the system must be operated at the corresponding frequency by tracking the resonance frequency that suits the purpose of the system. In this study, the mechanical resonance frequency of the piezo element was analyzed and a method for operating the system at the corresponding frequency was studied. In order to operate a piezo element, a voltage-type inverter is used to apply a high-frequency AC (Alternating Current). Then, an LC filter is inserted into the output stage of the inverter, and the piezo element is finally located at the output stage of the LC filter. Therefore, when designing an LC filter, a design is required to optimize the performance of the piezo element. In this paper, we analyzed the resonance of a piezo element and the equivalent circuit of the generator output stage of an ultrasonic system for effective operation of an ultrasonic system. In addition, we proposed a method to estimate the characteristics of the entire mechanical resonance frequency range of a piezo element by using an LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) model suitable for analyzing the nonlinear characteristics of a piezo element. The study on estimating the mechanical resonance frequency of a piezo element using an LSTM model was verified through MATLAB 2021b simulation and ultrasonic system experiments.
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