International Journal of Mycobacteriology (Jun 2024)

Leprosy Presenting as Distal Acquired Demyelinating Symmetric Variant of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: An Atypical Manifestation of Hansan’s Disease

  • Abhay Ranjan,
  • Amitabh Kumar,
  • Neetu Sinha,
  • Ankit Kumar

DOI
https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_39_24
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13, no. 2
pp. 218 – 220

Abstract

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Leprosy, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, is known to primarily affect the skin and peripheral nerves. We present a rare case of leprosy initially manifesting as demyelinating polyneuropathy. A 46-year-old female presented with progressive weakness, tingling, and numbness in her extremities. Nerve conduction studies revealed evidence of demyelination, prompting further investigations. Skin slit-skin smears confirmed the diagnosis of leprosy, with the presence of acid-fast bacilli. The patient was subsequently started on multidrug therapy, leading to significant clinical improvement. This case highlights the importance of considering leprosy as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with demyelinating polyneuropathy, especially in endemic regions.

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