Dental bleaching in smokers: an integrative review

Abstract

Objective: to carry out an integrative review of the literature on the indication of dental bleaching in smokers with the use of peroxides as a bleaching agent, related to safety of treatment, effectiveness, tooth sensitivity, its effect on tooth structure and longevity. Additionally, the effect of bleaching toothpaste on smoking patients was also searched. Material and Methods: research in PubMed, LILACS and Scopus databases were performed using the following keywords in association: (Bleaching OR whitening or dental bleaching) AND (smoke OR smoker OR cigarrete), in both English and Portuguese languages. The inclusion criteria were: articles published between 2008-2018, in vitro and clinical studies, and literature review. Results: 56 articles were found. After analysis by title, 20 articles were selected. After reading the abstracts, 6 articles were excluded. 14 articles were fully read, 6 were excluded according to the inclusion / exclusion criteria and 08 articles were addressed in this review. Conclusion: 10% carbamide peroxide is a safe method for dental bleaching in smokers. Peroxides at different concentrations were effective in dental bleaching. There was no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers in relation to sensitivity. Bleaching agents do not cause permanent changes in tooth structure. Regarding longevity, in one year there was a regression of color in smokers and non-smokers, and prophylaxis was efficient in the removal of extrinsic staining in smoking patients, stabilizing the color obtained in whitening. Bleaching toothpastes were not effective in removing stains.

Keywords

• clareamento dentário
• peróxido de hidrogênio
• fumantes
• cremes dentais