A cross-sectional study in type 2 diabetes patients reveals that elevated pulse wave velocity predicts asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease associated with age and diabetes duration

Abstract

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) reduces functional capacity and raises cardiovascular risks, but underdiagnosis is common, resulting in less comprehensive care than other cardiovascular conditions. While diabetes has long been viewed as a key risk factor for PAD, recent studies indicate that its impact is influenced by the presence of concurrent cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study is to elucidate the intricate relationship between the prevalence of PAD, diabetic complications, and cardiovascular risk factors among asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Ninety-one patients with T2DM and no symptoms or previous diagnosis of PAD were recruited from the outpatient diabetic clinic. Clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records, and the screening for PAD was conducted using MESI mTABLET. Results: Screening for PAD among asymptomatic individuals with T2DM revealed that 5.49 % of patients exhibit a low ankle-brachial index (ABI). Patients who had previously experienced major adverse cardiovascular events or exhibited albuminuria displayed lower ABI values. Furthermore, a striking 45.05 % of the participants displayed an abnormally high carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) value, with elevated PWV values correlating with advanced age and longer diabetes duration. Conclusions: The prevalence of elevated cfPWV is more pronounced than that of decreased ABI in T2DM patients with asymptomatic PAD and is associated with older age and longer diabetes duration, therefore measurement of both ABI and PWV is crucial for the cardiovascular risk assessment protocol for patients with T2DM and timely PAD diagnosis.

Keywords

• Ankle Brachial Index
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
• Peripheral Arterial Disease
• Pulse Wave Analysis