Long-Term Voltage Stability Bifurcation Analysis and Control Considering OLTC Adjustment and Photovoltaic Power Station

Abstract

The influence of photovoltaic (PV) output with stochasticity and uncertainty on the grid-connected system’s voltage stability is worth further exploration. The long-term voltage stability of a 3-bus system with a large-scale PV power station considering the adjustment of an on-load tap changer (OLTC) was studied. In this typical system, two supercritical Hopf bifurcation (SHB) points are found using the bifurcation calculation. At the SHB point that appears first, a small sudden increase in reactive load power or a sudden increase in PV active power Ppv can eventually cause a voltage collapse after a long increasing oscillation. The long-term collapse phenomenon shows that SHB cannot be ignored in the PV grid-connected system. Meanwhile, the time constant of OLTC can affect the progress of long-term voltage collapse, but it has different effects under different disturbances. When Ppv drops suddenly at the SHB point, due to the adjustment of OLTC, the load bus voltage can recover to near the target value of OLTC after a long period of time. Similarly, the time constant of OLTC can affect the progress of long-term voltage recovery. To prevent the long-term voltage collapse when Ppv increases suddenly at the SHB point, a new locking-OLTC index Ilock, depending on the value of Ppv corresponding to the SHB point, and a locking OLTC method are proposed, and the voltage can be recovered to an acceptable stable value quickly. Compared with the system without OLTC, OLTC adjustment can effectively prevent long-term voltage oscillation instability and collapse, so that PV power can play a bigger role in power systems.

Keywords

• photovoltaic (PV)
• long-term voltage stability
• voltage collapse
• OLTC
• supercritical Hopf bifurcation (SHB)