Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (Dec 2011)
NEW BINARY USER CODES FOR DS CDMA COMMUNICATION
Abstract
Spread spectrum (SS) is a modulation technique in which the signal occupies a bandwidth much larger than the minimum necessary to send the information. A synchronized reception with the code at the receiver is used for despreading the information before data recovery. From a long period, Walsh codes and Gold codes have been used as spread spectrum codes in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) communications because of their ease of generation than the efficiency of these codes. Walsh codes are perfectly orthogonal binary user codes that have many popular applications in synchronous multicarrier communications although they perform poorly for asynchronous multi-user communications. Therefore, the nearly orthogonal Gold codes with their superior performance are the preferred user codes in asynchronous CDMA communications with small number of simultaneous users in the system due to their good auto-correlation (intracode correlation) and cross-correlation (inter-code) properties. Major drawback of these codes is that they are limited in number and in their lengths. In this paper, we performed MATLAB (7.1version) algorithm to obtain the new orthogonal sets of binary space for multiuser spread-spectrum communications. We compared their performance with existing codes like Gold and Walsh code families. Our comparisons include their time domain properties like auto and cross-correlations along with bit error rate (BER) performances in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh channel for the synchronous and asynchronous DS-CDMA communications. It is shown that these codes outperform the Walsh codes significantly and they match in performance with the popular nearly orthogonal Gold codes closely for asynchronous multiuser communications in AWGN noise. It is also shown that all of the binary code families considered performed comparable for Rayleigh flat-fading channels. So these new codes can be used both for asynchronous and synchronous direct sequence spread spectrum CDMA communications. As a result, these can be used in both cases along with the advantage of their large availability and flexible code sizes.
