The use of calprotectin and other inflammatory parameters in the investigation of pseudoexfoliation syndrome concomitant glaucoma and systemic diseases

Abstract

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the value of calprotectin and other inflammatory parameters in patients with glaucoma and systemic diseases accompanying pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX-S). Methods: This prospective study included 45 PEX-S patients and 45 non-PEX control patients. Patients were investigated for the presence of glaucoma, cardiovascular disease (CVD), ischemic brain disease (IBD), Alzheimer’s disease, and neurosensory hearing loss (NSHL). After excluding diseases that may affect inflammatory parameters, a detailed biomicroscopic examination, and blood tests were performed for the patients. Results: Glaucoma, CVD, NVK, Alzheimer’s disease, and NSHL were high in the PEX-S group (P = 0.01, P = 0.01, P = 0.04, P = 0.04, and P = 0.03, respectively). Calprotectin, ferritin, neutrophil-to-platelet ratio, and lymphocyte-to-platelet ratio were found to be high in the PEX-S group (P < 0.01, P = 0.04, P < 0.01, and P < 0.01, respectively). On evaluating the relationship between PEX-S and glaucoma and systemic diseases, it was found that elevated calprotectin increased the risk of glaucoma by 4.36 times and elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) increased the risk of CVD by 3.23 times in PEX-S patients (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the value of calprotectin elevation in detecting concomitant glaucoma in PEX-S patients and, in addition, the value of NLR elevation in detecting concomitant CVD.

Keywords

• calprotectin
• glaucoma
• neutrophil to lymphocyte
• pseudoexfoliation