Osmotic stress and vesiculation as key mechanisms controlling bacterial sensitivity and resistance to TiO2 nanoparticles

Abstract

Pagnout et al investigate the multiscale response of deep rough Escherichia coli mutants to TiO2 nanoparticle exposure and find that TiO2 strips the cell membrane, which triggers osmotic and then oxidative stresses. Depending on their lipopolysaccharide surface-phenotype, the bacteria respond by releasing membrane vesicles that act as electrostatic baits for TiO2 nanoparticles.