Vanadate Activates Rho A Translocation in Association With Contracting Effects in Ileal Longitudinal Smooth Muscle of Guinea Pig

Abstract

We characterized the effects of vanadate, an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatase, on the tension, the level of myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, and Rho A activation in intact ileal longitudinal smooth muscle of the guinea pig to study the role of tyrosine phosphorylation in contraction signaling. Vanadate exerted a sustained contraction with a slow onset of tension development, in a concentration-dependent manner. The contractile effects of vanadate were accompanied by increases in the level of MLC phosphorylation. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein; the MLC kinase inhibitor 1-(5-chloronaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine hydrochloride (ML-9); and the Rho kinase inhibitor (+)-(R)-trans-4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride, monohydrate (Y-27632) inhibited the vanadate-induced contraction and MLC phosphorylation. Vanadate caused Rho A translocation from the cytosol to the membrane fraction, which was inhibited by genistein, but not by ML-9 and Y-27632. These data indicate that vanadate induces Rho A activation probably via protein tyrosine phosphorylation and the subsequent contraction through increases in the level of MLC phosphorylation. Keywords:: vanadate, contraction, Rho A, Rho kinase, myosin light chain phosphorylation