Recent advancement of zooplankton enriched with nutrients and probiotic isolates from aquaculture systems: a review

Abstract

Globally, aquaculture is evolving in new directions achieving the critical goal of sustainable global aquaculture. A good larval-rearing diet is essential for the cultivation of aquaculture species, especially in larvae growth, survival and disease resistance. However, the success of larval rearing has been limited by the early use of artificial meals. Zooplankton are used as feed to fish/shrimp larvae in aquaculture due to their high nutrient content and easy digestibility. Enrichment methods are practised because they can manipulate the nutritional composition of zooplankton to meet the nutritional requirements of the fish/shrimp larvae. It is necessary for the improvement, growth and development during the first feeding phase of the larvae because fish require balanced and high-protein diets. Examining the most recent advancements in this field, this review focuses on the techniques for enriching zooplankton with vital nutrients and probiotics. It emphasizes how these improvements affect the nutritional value of zooplankton and the well-being of organisms cultivated. We also address the challenges and constraints of the enrichment method. This review attempts to offer insights into the future directions and potential advantages of zooplankton enrichment in boosting aquaculture productivity and sustainability through a thorough analysis of previous studies and breakthroughs.

Keywords

• Zooplankton
• enrichment
• nutrition
• protein
• lipid