Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in a patient with HIV treated with eculizumab: A case report

Abstract

Thrombotic microangiopathy defines a group of pathologies characterized by microvascular dysfunction with the concurrence of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and organ damage. It represents the most frequent microvascular manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We report the case of a man in the seventh decade of life with a recent diagnosis of infection by HIV, who develops hemolytic uremic syndrome, requiring continuous renal replacement therapy and plasma replacement therapy, without response, ADAMTS13 with preserved activity, ruling out other etiologies (infectious, metabolic, and genetic) with successful response to eculizumab.

Keywords

• Thrombotic microangiopathy
• Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
• Human immunodeficiency virus
• Eculizumab
• Plasma therapeutic exchange
• Acute kidney injury