Implementation of the cascade of care for latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in people living with HIV/Aids

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the outcome indicators of implementing a cascade of care for latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus. Method: Cross-sectional study, carried out with people living with HIV, from 2022 to 2024, in a reference service in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. It occurred after the implementation of the following work process: Identification of people at risk for investigation of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI); Test for LTBI; Exclusion of active TB cases; Treatment for LTBI; Adherence to treatment; and Completion of treatment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: 735 people were monitored, of which 29.6% were indicated to start treatment for latent infection, and 32.5% started it. Treatment completion was higher in those who used the shortened regimen (90.2% versus 71.8%; p-value < 0.05, 7.8% with isoniazid and 2% with rifampin). There was one (0.9%) serious adverse reaction. Conclusion: The implementation of the cascade of care demonstrated that 1⁄3 of participants had an indication for treatment and expanded access to recommended treatment. The conclusion was greater with the shortened scheme. Adverse reactions were infrequent.

Keywords

• Latent tuberculosis
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
• Tuberculin