Cardiac cachexia in cats with congestive heart failure: Prevalence and clinical, laboratory, and survival findings

Abstract

Abstract Background Cardiac cachexia is common in people and dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF). However, the prevalence and effects of cardiac cachexia in cats are unknown. Objectives To determine the prevalence of cachexia and its associations with clinical laboratory and survival data in cats with CHF. Animals One hundred twenty‐five cats with CHF. Methods Medical records of cats evaluated during a 40‐month period were retrospectively reviewed to identify cats with cardiac cachexia using 7 different definitions. Clinical, laboratory, and survival data were compared between cats with and without cachexia. Results Prevalence of cachexia ranged from 0 to 66.7% for the 7 definitions, with a prevalence of 41.6% using muscle condition score (MCS). Cats with cachexia (determined by MCS) were older (P < .001), more likely to have pleural effusion (P = .003), had significantly higher blood urea nitrogen (P < .001) and neutrophil concentrations (P = .01), and significantly lower body condition score (P < .001), body weights (P < .001), hematocrit (P = .007), and hemoglobin concentrations (P = .009). Survival time for cats with cachexia (determined by MCS) was significantly shorter than for cats without cachexia (P = .03). Cats that were underweight (P = .002) and cats with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) also had shorter survival times (P = .04). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The association between cachexia and reduced survival time emphasizes the importance of identifying and addressing this common problem in cats with CHF.

Keywords

• cardiology
• cardiomyopathy
• congestive heart failure
• muscle
• nutrition