Sustainable Business Models for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems in Developing Countries

Abstract

This paper reviews sustainable business models for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems in developing countries. Firstly, it examines the global adoption of energy business models, noting the shift from customer-owned to community-shared initiatives in developing nations and the prominence of the virtual net metering and store-on grid schemes. Secondly, it identifies barriers to distributed energy solutions, exploring the evolution of PV business models and the advantages of community-shared models over other alternatives. Lastly, it investigates the deployment of customersited PV systems in Germany, Japan, and the USA, highlighting distinctive business models that have catalysed PV adoption. The review offers insights for decision-makers and solar firms navigating the PV sector in developing countries.