Over 500 Days in the Life of the Photosphere of the Type Iax Supernova SN 2014dt

Yssavo Camacho-Neves; Saurabh W. Jha; Barnabas Barna; Mi Dai; Alexei V. Filippenko; Ryan J. Foley; Griffin Hosseinzadeh; D. Andrew Howell; Joel Johansson; Patrick L. Kelly; Wolfgang E. Kerzendorf; Lindsey A. Kwok; Conor Larison; Mark R. Magee; Curtis McCully; John T. O’Brien; Yen-Chen Pan; Viraj Pandya; Jaladh Singhal; Benjamin E. Stahl; Tamás Szalai; Meredith Wieber; Marc Williamson

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acd558

The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2023)

Over 500 Days in the Life of the Photosphere of the Type Iax Supernova SN 2014dt

Yssavo Camacho-Neves,
Saurabh W. Jha,
Barnabas Barna,
Mi Dai,
Alexei V. Filippenko,
Ryan J. Foley,
Griffin Hosseinzadeh,
D. Andrew Howell,
Joel Johansson,
Patrick L. Kelly,
Wolfgang E. Kerzendorf,
Lindsey A. Kwok,
Conor Larison,
Mark R. Magee,
Curtis McCully,
John T. O’Brien,
Yen-Chen Pan,
Viraj Pandya,
Jaladh Singhal,
Benjamin E. Stahl,
Tamás Szalai,
Meredith Wieber,
Marc Williamson

Affiliations

Yssavo Camacho-Neves: ORCiD; Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA ; [email protected]
Saurabh W. Jha: ORCiD; Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA ; [email protected]
Barnabas Barna: ORCiD; Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Szeged , Dóm tér 9, Szeged, Hungary
Mi Dai: ORCiD; Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Alexei V. Filippenko: ORCiD; Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
Ryan J. Foley: ORCiD; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
Griffin Hosseinzadeh: ORCiD; Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA
D. Andrew Howell: ORCiD; Las Cumbres Observatory , Goleta, CA 93117, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
Joel Johansson: ORCiD; Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
Patrick L. Kelly: ORCiD; Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota , 116 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Wolfgang E. Kerzendorf: ORCiD; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Lindsey A. Kwok: ORCiD; Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA ; [email protected]
Conor Larison: ORCiD; Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA ; [email protected]
Mark R. Magee: ORCiD; School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland; Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK
Curtis McCully: ORCiD; Las Cumbres Observatory , Goleta, CA 93117, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
John T. O’Brien: ORCiD; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Yen-Chen Pan: ORCiD; Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University , 300 Jhongda Road, Zhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
Viraj Pandya: ORCiD; Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute , New York, NY 10011, USA; Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University , 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
Jaladh Singhal: ORCiD; California Institute of Technology , IPAC, M/C 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Benjamin E. Stahl: ORCiD; Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA
Tamás Szalai: ORCiD; Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Szeged , Dóm tér 9, Szeged, Hungary; ELKH-SZTE Stellar Astrophysics Research Group , H-6500 Baja, Szegedi út Kt. 766, Hungary
Meredith Wieber: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota , 116 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Marc Williamson: ORCiD; Department of Physics, New York University , New York, NY 10003, USA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd558
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 951, no. 1
p. 67

Abstract

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Type Iax supernovae (SNe Iax) are the largest known class of peculiar white dwarf SNe, distinct from normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The unique properties of SNe Iax, especially their strong photospheric lines out to extremely late times, allow us to model their optical spectra and derive the physical parameters of the long-lasting photosphere. We present an extensive spectral timeseries, including 21 new spectra, of SN Iax 2014dt from +11 to +562 days after maximum light. We are able to reproduce the entire timeseries with a self-consistent, nearly unaltered deflagration explosion model from Fink et al. using TARDIS , an open source radiative-transfer code. We find that the photospheric velocity of SN 2014dt slows its evolution between +64 and +148 days, which closely overlaps the phase when we see SN 2014dt diverge from the normal spectral evolution of SNe Ia (+90 to +150 days). The photospheric velocity at these epochs, ∼400–1000 km s ^−1 , may demarcate a boundary within the ejecta below which the physics of SNe Iax and normal SNe Ia differ. Our results suggest that SN 2014dt is consistent with a weak deflagration explosion model that leaves behind a bound remnant and drives an optically thick, quasi-steady-state wind creating the photospheric lines at late times. The data also suggest that this wind may weaken at epochs past +450 days, perhaps indicating a radioactive power source that has decayed away.

Published in The Astrophysical Journal

ISSN: 1538-4357 (Online)
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Country of publisher: United Kingdom
LCC subjects: Science: Astronomy: Astrophysics
Website: https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X

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