Frontiers in Immunology (Oct 2022)
Booster dose of mRNA vaccine augments waning T cell and antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2
- Feyza Gül Özbay Kurt,
- Feyza Gül Özbay Kurt,
- Feyza Gül Özbay Kurt,
- Feyza Gül Özbay Kurt,
- Alisa Lepper,
- Alisa Lepper,
- Alisa Lepper,
- Alisa Lepper,
- Catharina Gerhards,
- Mathis Roemer,
- Samantha Lasser,
- Samantha Lasser,
- Samantha Lasser,
- Samantha Lasser,
- Ihor Arkhypov,
- Ihor Arkhypov,
- Ihor Arkhypov,
- Ihor Arkhypov,
- Rebekka Bitsch,
- Rebekka Bitsch,
- Rebekka Bitsch,
- Rebekka Bitsch,
- Peter Bugert,
- Peter Altevogt,
- Peter Altevogt,
- Peter Altevogt,
- Peter Altevogt,
- Cécile Gouttefangeas,
- Michael Neumaier,
- Jochen Utikal,
- Jochen Utikal,
- Jochen Utikal,
- Jochen Utikal,
- Viktor Umansky,
- Viktor Umansky,
- Viktor Umansky,
- Viktor Umansky
Affiliations
- Feyza Gül Özbay Kurt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Feyza Gül Özbay Kurt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Feyza Gül Özbay Kurt
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Feyza Gül Özbay Kurt
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Alisa Lepper
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Alisa Lepper
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Alisa Lepper
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Alisa Lepper
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Catharina Gerhards
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Mathis Roemer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Samantha Lasser
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Samantha Lasser
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Samantha Lasser
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Samantha Lasser
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Ihor Arkhypov
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Ihor Arkhypov
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Ihor Arkhypov
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Ihor Arkhypov
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Rebekka Bitsch
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Rebekka Bitsch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Rebekka Bitsch
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Rebekka Bitsch
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Peter Bugert
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Peter Altevogt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Peter Altevogt
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Peter Altevogt
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Cécile Gouttefangeas
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Jochen Utikal
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Jochen Utikal
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Jochen Utikal
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Viktor Umansky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Viktor Umansky
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Viktor Umansky
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012526
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13
Abstract
A gradual decay in humoral and cellular immune responses over time upon SAR1S-CoV-2 vaccination may cause a lack of protective immunity. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of antibodies, T cells, and monocytes in 25 participants vaccinated with mRNA or ChAdOx1-S up to 12 weeks after the 3rd (booster) dose with mRNA vaccine. We observed a substantial increase in antibodies and CD8 T cells specific for the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination. Moreover, vaccination induced activated T cells expressing CD69, CD137 and producing IFN-γ and TNF-α. Virus-specific CD8 T cells showed predominantly memory phenotype. Although the level of antibodies and frequency of virus-specific T cells reduced 4-6 months after the 2nd dose, they were augmented after the 3rd dose followed by a decrease later. Importantly, T cells generated after the 3rd vaccination were also reactive against Omicron variant, indicated by a similar level of IFN-γ production after stimulation with Omicron peptides. Breakthrough infection in participants vaccinated with two doses induced more SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells than the booster vaccination. We found an upregulation of PD-L1 expression on monocytes but no accumulation of myeloid cells with MDSC-like immunosuppressive phenotype after the vaccination. Our results indicate that the 3rd vaccination fosters antibody and T cell immune response independently from vaccine type used for the first two injections. However, such immune response is attenuated over time, suggesting thereby the need for further vaccinations.
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