Frontiers in Marine Science (May 2024)
Ocean surface radiation measurement best practices
- Laura D. Riihimaki,
- Laura D. Riihimaki,
- Meghan F. Cronin,
- Raja Acharya,
- Nathan Anderson,
- Nathan Anderson,
- John A. Augustine,
- Kelly A. Balmes,
- Kelly A. Balmes,
- Patrick Berk,
- Patrick Berk,
- Roberto Bozzano,
- Anthony Bucholtz,
- Kenneth J. Connell,
- Christopher J. Cox,
- Alcide G. di Sarra,
- James Edson,
- C. W. Fairall,
- J. Thomas Farrar,
- Karen Grissom,
- Maria Teresa Guerra,
- Verena Hormann,
- K Jossia Joseph,
- Christian Lanconelli,
- Frederic Melin,
- Daniela Meloni,
- Matteo Ottaviani,
- Sara Pensieri,
- K. Ramesh,
- David Rutan,
- Nikiforos Samarinas,
- Shawn R. Smith,
- Sebastiaan Swart,
- Sebastiaan Swart,
- Amit Tandon,
- Elizabeth J. Thompson,
- R. Venkatesan,
- Raj Kumar Verma,
- Vito Vitale,
- Katie S. Watkins-Brandt,
- Robert A. Weller,
- Christopher J. Zappa,
- Dongxiao Zhang,
- Dongxiao Zhang
Affiliations
- Laura D. Riihimaki
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Laura D. Riihimaki
- Global Monitoring Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO, United States
- Meghan F. Cronin
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, WA, United States
- Raja Acharya
- India Meteorological Department, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Kolkata, India
- Nathan Anderson
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, WA, United States
- Nathan Anderson
- The Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- John A. Augustine
- Global Monitoring Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO, United States
- Kelly A. Balmes
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Kelly A. Balmes
- Global Monitoring Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO, United States
- Patrick Berk
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, WA, United States
- Patrick Berk
- The Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Roberto Bozzano
- Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in Ambiente Marino, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR - IAS), Genoa, Italy
- Anthony Bucholtz
- Meteorology, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, United States
- Kenneth J. Connell
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, WA, United States
- Christopher J. Cox
- Physical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO, United States
- Alcide G. di Sarra
- Sustainability Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
- James Edson
- 0Applied Ocean Physics, Engineering, National Science Foundation Ocean Observatories Initiative, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
- C. W. Fairall
- Physical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO, United States
- J. Thomas Farrar
- 1Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA, United States
- Karen Grissom
- 2National Weather Service/National Data Buoy Center (NWS/NDBC), National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Stennis Space Center, MS, United States
- Maria Teresa Guerra
- 3Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Universita de Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Verena Hormann
- 4Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- K Jossia Joseph
- 5National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai, India
- Christian Lanconelli
- 6International Business Unit, Unisystems, Milan, Italy
- Frederic Melin
- 7Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
- Daniela Meloni
- Sustainability Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
- Matteo Ottaviani
- 8Terra Research Inc, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA GISS), New York, NY, United States
- Sara Pensieri
- Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in Ambiente Marino, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR - IAS), Genoa, Italy
- K. Ramesh
- 5National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai, India
- David Rutan
- 9ADNET Systems, Inc., National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Nikiforos Samarinas
- 0Department of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Shawn R. Smith
- 1Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- Sebastiaan Swart
- 2Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sebastiaan Swart
- 3Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- Amit Tandon
- 4Department of Mechanical Engineering/College of Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA, United States
- Elizabeth J. Thompson
- Physical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO, United States
- R. Venkatesan
- 5National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai, India
- Raj Kumar Verma
- India Meteorological Department, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Kolkata, India
- Vito Vitale
- 5National Research Council, Institute for Polar Sciences (CNR-ISP), Bologna, Italy
- Katie S. Watkins-Brandt
- 6Office of Marine and Aviation Operations, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Newport, OR, United States
- Robert A. Weller
- 1Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA, United States
- Christopher J. Zappa
- 7Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States
- Dongxiao Zhang
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, WA, United States
- Dongxiao Zhang
- The Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1359149
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 11
Abstract
Ocean surface radiation measurement best practices have been developed as a first step to support the interoperability of radiation measurements across multiple ocean platforms and between land and ocean networks. This document describes the consensus by a working group of radiation measurement experts from land, ocean, and aircraft communities. The scope was limited to broadband shortwave (solar) and longwave (terrestrial infrared) surface irradiance measurements for quantification of the surface radiation budget. Best practices for spectral measurements for biological purposes like photosynthetically active radiation and ocean color are only mentioned briefly to motivate future interactions between the physical surface flux and biological radiation measurement communities. Topics discussed in these best practices include instrument selection, handling of sensors and installation, data quality monitoring, data processing, and calibration. It is recognized that platform and resource limitations may prohibit incorporating all best practices into all measurements and that spatial coverage is also an important motivator for expanding current networks. Thus, one of the key recommendations is to perform interoperability experiments that can help quantify the uncertainty of different practices and lay the groundwork for a multi-tiered global network with a mix of high-accuracy reference stations and lower-cost platforms and practices that can fill in spatial gaps.
Keywords
