Sensors (Jun 2014)
Implementation of Ultrasonic Sensing for High Resolution Measurement of Binary Gas Mixture Fractions
- Richard Bates,
- Michele Battistin,
- Stephane Berry,
- Alexander Bitadze,
- Pierre Bonneau,
- Nicolas Bousson,
- George Boyd,
- Gennaro Bozza,
- Olivier Crespo-Lopez,
- Enrico Da Riva,
- Cyril Degeorge,
- Cecile Deterre,
- Beniamino DiGirolamo,
- Martin Doubek,
- Gilles Favre,
- Jan Godlewski,
- Gregory Hallewell,
- Ahmed Hasib,
- Sergey Katunin,
- Nicolas Langevin,
- Didier Lombard,
- Michel Mathieu,
- Stephen McMahon,
- Koichi Nagai,
- Benjamin Pearson,
- David Robinson,
- Cecilia Rossi,
- Alexandre Rozanov,
- Michael Strauss,
- Michal Vitek,
- Vaclav Vacek,
- Lukasz Zwalinski
Affiliations
- Richard Bates
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G627QB, UK
- Michele Battistin
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Stephane Berry
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Alexander Bitadze
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G627QB, UK
- Pierre Bonneau
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Nicolas Bousson
- Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
- George Boyd
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Gennaro Bozza
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Olivier Crespo-Lopez
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Enrico Da Riva
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Cyril Degeorge
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 7015, USA
- Cecile Deterre
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron , Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Beniamino DiGirolamo
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Martin Doubek
- Czech Technical University, Technická 4, 16607, Praha Czech Republic
- Gilles Favre
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Jan Godlewski
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Gregory Hallewell
- Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
- Ahmed Hasib
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Sergey Katunin
- Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Orlova Roscha, RU-188300, Russia
- Nicolas Langevin
- Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
- Didier Lombard
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Michel Mathieu
- Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
- Stephen McMahon
- STFC Rutherford Appelton Laboratory—Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 OQX, UK
- Koichi Nagai
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- Benjamin Pearson
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- David Robinson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cecilia Rossi
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 11000 Praha, Czech Republic
- Alexandre Rozanov
- Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
- Michael Strauss
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Michal Vitek
- Czech Technical University, Technická 4, 16607, Praha Czech Republic
- Vaclav Vacek
- Czech Technical University, Technická 4, 16607, Praha Czech Republic
- Lukasz Zwalinski
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s140611260
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 14,
no. 6
pp. 11260 – 11276
Abstract
We describe an ultrasonic instrument for continuous real-time analysis of the fractional mixture of a binary gas system. The instrument is particularly well suited to measurement of leaks of a high molecular weight gas into a system that is nominally composed of a single gas. Sensitivity < 5 × 10−5 is demonstrated to leaks of octaflouropropane (C3F8) coolant into nitrogen during a long duration (18 month) continuous study. The sensitivity of the described measurement system is shown to depend on the difference in molecular masses of the two gases in the mixture. The impact of temperature and pressure variances on the accuracy of the measurement is analysed. Practical considerations for the implementation and deployment of long term, in situ ultrasonic leak detection systems are also described. Although development of the described systems was motivated by the requirements of an evaporative fluorocarbon cooling system, the instrument is applicable to the detection of leaks of many other gases and to processes requiring continuous knowledge of particular binary gas mixture fractions.
Keywords
