Актуальні питання суспільних наук та історії медицини (Dec 2015)
ОБРАЗ ТАРАСА ШЕВЧЕНКА ЯК КОНСОЛІДУЮЧИЙ ЧИННИК ФОРМУВАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІДЕЇ У ДРУГІЙ ПОЛОВИНІ ХІХ – НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ / Taras Shevchenko figure as a unifying force in the Ukrainian national idea of the late 19th – early 20th cc.
Abstract
Казакевич Ольга. Образ Тараса Шевченко как консолидирующий фактор формирования укранской национальной идеи во второй половине ХІХ – в начале ХХ века Статья посвящена роли образа Тараса Шевченко в формировании украинской национальной идеи в конце ХІХ – начале ХХ вв. Рассмотрены оценки значения творчества и жизненного пути Тараса Шевченко в публицистике деятелей украинского национального возрождения второй половины ХІХ в., а также в современной историографии. Отмечено, что идеи Тараса Шевченко, выраженные в его поэзии, находили широкий отклик в среде украинского населения, а празднование годовщин памяти поэта к концу ХІХ в. приобрело значение важнейшей демонстрации украинского патриотизма. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что образ Тараса Шевченко сыграл роль объединяющего фактора для всех слоев украинского общества и жителей всех регионов Украины. Ключевые слова: украинское национальное движение, национальная идея, Тарас Шевченко, годовщина памяти Шевченко, процессы национального строительства, национальная идентичность. Kazakevych Olga. Taras Shevchenko's figure as a unifying force in the Ukrainian national idea of the late 19th– early 20th cc. The article is devoted to the symbolic role of the Taras Shevchenko’s representation in the Ukrainian national idea of the late 19th – early 20th cc. It is stated that Taras Shevchenko’s poetry, paintings as well as his life full of struggle for freedom, were used by the Ukrainian intellectual elite as a sign of the social and national liberation. In time when the territory of Ukraine was divided between the Russian and Habsburg empires, the Ukrainian educated class had been rather segmented. In such circumstances Taras Shevchenko even after his death played a role of the important unifying force in the Ukrainian nationalism. In the beginning of the article the scholarly views on the Taras Shevchenko’s significance are analyzed. In late 19th – early 20th cc. those scholars and publicists (V. Antonovych, E. Chykalenko, P. Zhytetsky etc.) who were involved themselves in the Ukrainian national movement had stressed the great role of the Taras Shevchenko’s figure. Modern researches such as V. Sarbey, L. Ivanova, P. Magocsi, A. Wilson, A. Kapeller and others share this opinion. The author puts forward a message that Taras Shevchenko’s ideas incarnated in his works had been unifying the lower and upper classes of the Ukrainian society. Shevchenko’s poems were distributed among the lesser-educated Ukrainians through the theatrical performances and publishing activity of the Kyiv Hromada members. The role of the “Kievskaya Starina” journal where 168 articles devoted to Taras Shevchenko were published from 1882 to 1906 should be regarded. The Taras Shevchenko’s anniversary, which had been taking its place in SaintPetersburg, Kyiv, Kharkiv, Lviv, Chernivtsi and many other cities in Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Poland, Austria, Great Britain and the USA, had become the most important public demonstration of the Ukrainian patriotism. In the Russian empire it was commemorated notwithstanding the political pressure. Although the Taras Numerous voluntary organizations, scientific societies and even political entities named after Taras Shevchenko emerged until the early 20th c. The author comes to conclusion that the Taras Shevchenko’s representation indeed unified all the social classes and regional communities of Ukraine. Key words: Ukrainian national movement, national idea, Taras Shevchenko, Shevchenko’s anniversary, nation-building processes, national identity.
