To Control the Speed of a DC Motor Using a Specially Designed PID Algorithm

Abstract

This work presents the design and implementation of a circuit that uses a proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controller to control the revolutions per minute (RPM) of the direct current (DC) motor in real time that uses a microcontroller platform. The algorithm used in the microcontroller was the algebraic equations of the general PID controller equation. The paper discusses the structure of a PID algorithm and its implementation. From the algebraic equations, the error, cumulative error, and delta error of the PID controller have been found. The designed algorithm is implemented using the Arduino software (IDE). The aim of this work is to control the speed (RPM) of the DC motor using the PID design technique. The designed control system circuit is affordable. The system is tested in real-time, steady-state error, and response time is inspected successfully. The designed circuit is tested for various speed inputs satisfactorily. The speed control using PI and PID control methodology is described.

Keywords

• DC Motor
• Encoder
• Microcontroller
• Motor Driver
• PID Controller
• Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)