Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición (Mar 2001)
Prevalencia de las anemias nutricionales de mujeres en edad fértil: Costa Rica. Encuesta nacional de nutrición,1996
Abstract
En 1996 el Ministerio de Salud de Costa Rica y el Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud, realizaron la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar las prevalencias de las anemias nutricionales en 884 mujeres en edad fértil de áreas: metropolitanas, urbana y rural La anemia nutricional se valoró mediante las determinaciones de hemoglobina, ferritina y folatos plasmáticos. Además, se determinó el patrón de hemoglobina mediante electroforesis. Los puntos de corte fueron los recomendados por la Organización Mundial para la Salud. El 18,6% de las Mujeres Fértiles presentó anemia. La prevalencia de deficiencia severa y moderada de hierro (Prevalence of nutritional anemia in women of reproductive age. Costa Rica. National Nutrition Survey, 1996. In1996, The Ministry of Health and Inciensa conducted the latest National Nutrition Survey, to provide support and guidance to the national policies, plans and programs in the field of food and nutrition. The present paper reports the results for the prevalence of anemia estimated in a total of 884 women of reproductive age, in three areas: metropolitan area, other urban areas and rural areas. Anemia was determinated through measurements of hemoglobin, plasma ferritin and plasma folates. In addition, hemoglobin patterns were determinated by electrophoresis. The cutt-off points used were those recommended by the WHO. Anemia was present in 18,6% of the women. Severe to moderate deficiency of iron (<12 ng/dl) and of folates (< 6 ng/dl) were found in 43,2 and 24,7% of women respectively, with statistically significant differences by area of residence. The magnitude of the problem for anemia can be classified as mild, for iron deficiency as severe, and for folate deficiency as moderate. In conclusion, Anemia represents a public health problem for Costa Rica that has remained constant throughout the last decade. In women of reproductive age, iron deficiency is the main cause of Anemia, followed by folates deficiency, and in a small percentage hemoglobinopathies. Intestinal parasites are not longer a mayor cause of Anemia. Prevalence of Anemia is influenced by place of residence, but not by age. In summary, despite the favorable health conditions present in Costa Rica, the prevalence of Anemia and of irondeficiency are similar to those of the Latin-American region. To improve this situation, public health interventions are necessary
