Journal of International Medical Research (Oct 2021)

High prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in Spain’s Stroke Belt

  • Ana Domínguez-Mayoral,
  • Jesús Sánchez-Gómez,
  • Patricia Guerrero,
  • Marta Ferrer,
  • Carmen Gutiérrez,
  • María Aguilar,
  • Natalia Fouz-Rosón,
  • José María Benítez,
  • Soledad Pérez-Sánchez,
  • Miguel Ángel Gamero-García,
  • Reyes De Torres-Chacón,
  • Ana Barragán-Prieto,
  • Pilar Algaba,
  • Lidia Ruiz-Bayo,
  • Joan Montaner

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605211053090
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 49

Abstract

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Objective Spain’s so-called Stroke Belt is an area with high prevalence of vascular disease. We aimed to determine the prevalence of undetected obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) among patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in southern Spain. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Virgen Macarena University Hospital Stroke Unit during 2018 to 2019. We included patients <72 hours after AIS with a neuroimaging lesion and performed sleep tests. Results Seventy-two patients were included. The median participant age was 72 years. Mean body mass index was 27.07 kg/m 2 , and 40.28% were daily alcohol drinkers. Hypertension, atrial fibrillation, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and previous stroke were detected in 63.9%, 11.1%, 15.3%, and 17.6% of patients, respectively. Polygraphy was feasible in 91.38% of patients. The prevalence of OSAHS was 84.72% (apnea–hypopnea index ≥5). Patients with moderate and severe OSAHS were more likely to be obese and to have a larger neck circumference and facial palsy. The diagnostic criteria of central sleep apnea syndrome were met in only 1.38% of patients. Conclusions The high prevalence of OSAHS found in the Spanish Stroke Belt justifies further investigation and development of a screening program as a strategy to identify patients with undetected OSAHS.