The Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific (Jan 2025)
Epidemiology of pulmonary embolism in China, 2021: a nationwide hospital-based studyResearch in context
- Kaiyuan Zhen,
- Yuzhi Tao,
- Lei Xia,
- Shengfeng Wang,
- Qian Gao,
- Dingyi Wang,
- Zhaofei Chen,
- Xianglong Meng,
- Yuting Kang,
- Guohui Fan,
- Zhu Zhang,
- Peiran Yang,
- Jixiang Liu,
- Yu Zhang,
- Chaozeng Si,
- Wei Wang,
- Jun Wan,
- Yuanhua Yang,
- Zhihong Liu,
- Yingqun Ji,
- Juhong Shi,
- Qun Yi,
- Guochao Shi,
- Yutao Guo,
- Nuofu Zhang,
- Zhaozhong Cheng,
- Ling Zhu,
- Zhe Cheng,
- Xianbo Zuo,
- Wanmu Xie,
- Qiang Huang,
- Shuai Zhang,
- Lanxia Gan,
- Bing Liu,
- Simiao Chen,
- Cunbo Jia,
- Chen Wang,
- Zhenguo Zhai
Affiliations
- Kaiyuan Zhen
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Yuzhi Tao
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Lei Xia
- Medical Affairs Department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Shengfeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Qian Gao
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Dingyi Wang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Data and Project Management Unit, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Zhaofei Chen
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Xianglong Meng
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Yuting Kang
- Office of National Clinical Research for Geriatrics, Department of Scientific Research, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guohui Fan
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Data and Project Management Unit, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Zhu Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peiran Yang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Jixiang Liu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Yu Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chaozeng Si
- Department of Information Management, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Wei Wang
- Department of Nursing, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Jun Wan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Yuanhua Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Zhihong Liu
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
- Yingqun Ji
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated by Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Juhong Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Qun Yi
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Yutao Guo
- Department of Pulmonary Vessel and Thrombotic Disease, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Nuofu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaozhong Cheng
- Respiratory Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Ling Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Zhe Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Xianbo Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Wanmu Xie
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Qiang Huang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Shuai Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Lanxia Gan
- China Standard Medical Information Research Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Simiao Chen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cunbo Jia
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chen Wang
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Corresponding author. Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Zhenguo Zhai
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Corresponding author. Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Journal volume & issue
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Vol. 54
p. 101258
Abstract
Summary: Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) as a preventable and potentially fatal noncommunicable disease was believed to have a lower incidence in Asian populations compared to Western populations. However, the incidence and mortality rates of PE in China and the impact of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention system constructions on PE still lack nationwide evidence. Methods: For this nationwide hospital-based observational study, we used data from the National Hospital Quality Monitoring System (HQMS) and public database in China. We estimated the incidence and in-hospital mortality rates of PE by age group, sex, and regions of geographical and socioeconomic level. VTE prevention and management system constructions were quantified by geographical density. We then calculated the incidence and mortality rates in different conditions of VTE prevention and management system construction. Findings: During the 12 months period between January and December 2021, a total number of 200,112 PE patients and 14,123 deaths were recorded from 5101 hospitals in the HQMS database. The incidence of PE was 14.19 (200,112, 95% CI 14.13–14.26) per 100,000 population and the mortality rate was 1.00 (95% CI 0.99–1.02) per 100,000 population. The incidence of PE was higher in male patients (14.43 per 100,000 population) than in female patients (13.95 per 100,000 population). Disparities of incidence and mortality rates were shown within age groups and geographical regions. The incidence and mortality rates of PE showed decreasing trend with increasing geographical density of VTE-related facilities and VTE prevention system developments. Interpretation: China had a substantially large number of PE patients. The incidence and mortality rates of PE showed disparities in terms of sex, age, and geography. The incidence and mortality rates of PE decrease across regions with increasing levels of socioeconomic development, potentially influenced by the existing VTE prevention and management systems. Optimizing the health policies and healthcare investment in VTE prevention may help reduce the disease burden of PE. Funding: CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) (2023-I2M-A-014); National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-NHLHCRF-LX-01-0108); National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC2507200); Discipline-Innovation and Talent-Introduction Program for Colleges and Universities (111 Plan, B23038).
