Historical long-term cultivar×climate suitability data to inform viticultural adaptation to climate change

Abstract

Abstract Grape quality is regulated by complex interactions between environments and cultivars. Growing suitable cultivars in a given region is essential for maintaining viticulture sustainability, particularly in the face of climate change. We created a database composed of three different subsets of data. The first subset was created by digitizing and curating the seminal report of Amerine and Winkler (1944), which provided grape harvest dates (GHDs), the quality of musts and wines, and wine tasting notes for 148 cultivars from 1935–1941 across five contrasting climatic regions of California. To put this dataset into a climate change context, we collected GHDs and must sugar content (°Brix) records from 1991 to 2018 for four representative cultivars in one of the five studied regions (Napa). Finally, we integrated meteorological data of the five regions during 1911–2018 and calculated bioclimatic indices important for grape. The resulting database is unique and valuable for assessing the fitness between cultivars across environments in order to mitigate the effects of climate change. Design Type(s) Cultivars design • Regions design Measurement Type(s) Climate data • Harvest date • Quality • Tasting notes Technology Type(s) Phenology characterization • Quality determination Sample Characteristic(s) Grape harvest dates • °Brix • Tannin • Total acid • pH • Alcohol • Fixed acid • Extract Measurement(s) maximum air temperature • minimum air temperature • total soluble solids (oBrix) • must total acid • must pH • wine alcohol • wine extract • wine tannin • wine total acid • wine volatile acid Technology Type(s) weather station • a oBrix hydrometer • titration with sodium hydroxide to a phenolphthalein end point • a quinhydrone electrode or a Beckman pH meter • hydrometer • a special 0° to 8° Balling hydrometer • the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists method • titration with phenolphthalein as an indicator • titration with pretreated wines by method II of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists