Life (Mar 2024)
Histological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Rh-BMP2: Effect on Gingival Healing Acceleration and Proliferation of Human Epithelial Cells
Abstract
This study aims to histologically and immunohistochemically evaluate the effect recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rh-BMP2) injected in gingival tissue has on the acceleration of the epithelial migration from the wound edges and epithelial cell proliferation after implant surgery. Material and Methods: The study includes 20 patients who underwent bilateral implant surgeries in the premolar-molar region of the mandible, followed by guided bone regeneration. Each patient received an implant in both locations, but rh-BMP2 was only on the right side. At 9 days from the surgery, a gingival biopsy was performed 3 mm distally to the last implant. In total, 20 samples were collected from the left side (control group #1) and 20 from right (test group #1). This was repeated at a 4-month interval during healing abutment placements. Tissues were processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and then immunohistochemically for the expression of Ki-67 and further histological examination. Result: Complete closure of the epithelium with new cell formation was observed in the 55% test group and 20% control group after 9 days. At 4 months, although 100% samples of all groups had complete epithelial closure, the test group showed that the epithelial cells were more organized and mature due to the increased number of blood vessels. The average number of new epithelial cells was 17.15 ± 7.545 and 16.12 ± 7.683 cells per mm in test group, respectively, at 9 days and 4 months and 10.99 ± 5.660 and 10.95 ± 5.768 in control groups. Conclusion: Evident from histological observations, rh-BMP-2 can accelerate the closure of gingival wounds, the healing process of epithelial gingival tissue, and the formation of epithelial cells in patients undergoing dental implant treatment.
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