Non-Destructive Discrimination of Blue Inks on Suspected Documents through the Combination of Raman Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analysis

Abstract

Increasingly sophisticated techniques for falsifying and forging legal documents demand non-destructive and accurate analysis methods. Researchers have extensively investigated ink discrimination through an interdisciplinary analysis involving Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics, which is now regarded as a leading forensic document analysis approach. In this study, a groundbreaking method was developed to identify the specific origin of blue-ink pens used in written documents. By employing Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA), we successfully differentiated between 45 different blue-ink pens used on various documents. The Raman spectroscopy analysis provided a visual examination of each blue ink’s unique Raman signature, and PCA was then applied to the processed spectral data. Moreover, we successfully distinguished highly similar ink types in documents through the combined use of Raman spectroscopy, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and a statistical approach (PCA).

Keywords

• blue ink
• Raman spectroscopy
• PCA
• Pearson’s correlation
• non-destructive analysis
• forensic investigation