Investigation of hydrogen generation from the reaction of beryllium pebbles with water vapor for WCCB-TBM

Abstract

Be pebble, as a neutron multiplier material, is being explored for the development of a Water-Cooled Ceramic Breeder Test Blanket Module (WCCB-TBM) in Japan for the International Thermonuclear Experiment Reactor (ITER) project. The Be pebbles were fabricated by the rotating electrode process (REP). However, as the safety of the test blanket module (TBM) could be compromised by hydrogen generation via Be–H2O reaction owing to the leakage of pressurized water from the cooling pipes inside TBM, the safety assessment of TBM must be conducted using the Be–H2O reactivity data for the Be pebbles whose fabrication method is the same as that for TBM (i.e., REP). Thus, in this study, a Be–H2O reactivity test was conducted using Be pebbles that were fabricated by REP to characterize the generated hydrogen and evaluate the hydrogen generation (HG) rates toward WCCB-TBM safety assessment. First, the Be–H2O reactivity data were obtained at ≥ 300 °C (the coolant temperature for the TBM). The experimental results and oxidation rate of the Be pebbles revealed that only the Be surface may have been oxidized at 300 °C–600 °C, although its inside was oxidized at 700 °C–1000 °C. Further, the experimental data–derived HG rates at 300 °C–1000 °C increased with the temperature and the tendency changed in the three temperature regions. The HG rates did not contradict those reported by previous studies. Additionally, these regions corresponded to each expected Be–H2O reaction behavior at 300 °C–1000 °C. At a Be temperature of < 600 °C, the generated hydrogen from TBM will not exceed 2.5 kg of a limitation by the water leakage on the estimation based on the HG rates and the qualitative effects of the safety functions.

Keywords

• ITER
• WCCB-TBM
• Beryllium
• Water steam
• Oxidation
• Hydrogen