Fingerprint frequency normalisation and enhancement using two‐dimensional short‐time Fourier transform analysis

Abstract

A fingerprint image with non‐uniform ridge frequencies can be considered as a two‐dimensional dynamic signal. A non‐uniform stress on the sensing area applied during fingerprint acquisition may result in a non‐linear distortion that disturbs the local frequency of ridges adversely affecting the matching performance. This study presents a new approach based on Short time Fourier transform analysis and local adaptive contextual filtering for frequency distortion removal and enhancement. In the proposed approach, the fingerprint image is divided into sub‐images to determine local dominant frequency and orientation. Gaussian Directional band pass filtering is then adaptively applied in frequency domain. These filtered sub‐images are then combined in spatial domain using a novel technique to obtain the enhanced fingerprint image of high ridge quality and uniform inter‐ridge distance. Simulation results show the efficacy of the proposed enhancement technique as compared to other well‐known contextual filtering based enhancement techniques reported in the literature.

Keywords

• fingerprint frequency normalisation
• fingerprint frequency enhancement
• two-dimensional short-time Fourier transform analysis
• nonuniform ridge frequency
• two-dimensional dynamic signal
• fingerprint acquisition