A Comprehensive Review on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Relation to Other Diseases

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is rising worldwide. Diabetes is a major health issue across the globe and a cause of microvascular and macrovascular complications, including nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, blindness, and cardiovascular disease. Long-term control of blood glucose is an important and determining factor in the prevention of these complications. Methods: In this review study, the databases such as Scientific Information Database, PubMed, SID, ISI, and Scopus were searched for articles published from 1975 to 2019, with emphasis on the articles published within the past 10 years. The used keywords were diabetes, insulin, oxidative stress, microvascular, and macrovascular as well as the diseases and disorders related to diabetes. Results: Considering diabetes, types of diabetes, and its relationship with the organs, it is possible to estimate some degree of prevention, recovery, and timely treatment of diabetes and its effects on other organs Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes numerous diseases and affects the organs due to hyperglycemia, reduced insulin level or insulin tolerance, increased free radicals, and dysfunction of organs. Delay in the diagnosis of diabetes leads to increased diabetes complications that can be prevented by severe glycemic control.

Keywords

• diabetes mellitus
• insulin
• oxidative stress
• heart disease
• kidney disease
• diabetes
• organs