Introducing the law of “irreversibility' in the dynamic equilibrium of mass

Abstract

Mathematical models are an integral part of science that play a huge role in predicting processes. These models are usually made based on data corresponding to events (in the past) or laboratory data.According to our studies, all mathematical models (absorption isotherm, absorption kinetics, precipitation-runoff and kinetics of water infiltration into the soil) have deficiencies, some of which are related to the lack of knowledge of boundary conditions. Also, some models that are more accurate are also very complicated due to their experimental nature.The purpose of this study is to introduce a law that can be used to determine the limiting conditions of mass curves and to obtain mathematical models suitable for mass curves. In other words, this law can help a lot to build models, especially models based on equilibrium systems in the field of crime.In order to introduce the law of “irreversibility', past studies in various scientific departments have been used, including: chemistry (surface chemistry) and physics (hydrology and water-soil). Also, the author's experiences in building many models in different scientific fields have been used.In order to achieve the goals of the study, walnut green shell (GWH) and its biochar (GWHB) adsorbents to remove heavy metals (Fe+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Ni+2, Cd+2, Cu+2) used. The results showed that the capacity calculated by Shamhammadi isotherm model is equal to the capacity calculated by pseudo-second-order (PSO) model, but the average capacity calculated by Shamhammadi model (and PSO model) is between 20 % (GWH) and 66 % (GWHB) is higher than the average capacity calculated by the Langmuir model.

Keywords

• Law of irreversibility
• Absorption models
• Dynamic mass equation
• Walnut shell
• Dynamic equilibrium