Anthropological Researches and Studies (Jul 2017)
THE SPECIFICITIES OF DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING DIFFERENT MODELS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
Abstract
Objectives. We performed the analytical study of occupational health services system implementation’s specificity and highlighted the particularities of different occupational health services in European countries caused by decentralization, short-term hiring, high mobility of human resources, implementation of new technologies and work processes. Organization and performance of the system of occupational health services have become a difficult assignment because of the decentralized national economy, short-term employment contracts, the high mobility of human resources, implementation of new technologies and new working methods. Material and methods. This work is the result of organized research and meta-analysis of 31 systematic reviews provided with the logistical support of the World Health Organization, the International Labour Organization, Council of Europe, Institute of Occupational Health in Finland and other international organizations; it is important to mention that none of them explicitly defined the management problem and Occupational Health Services model for the Eastern Europe & post-Soviet regions, between 1998 and 2014. Results. The basic occupational health services’ system (BOHS) is essential in protecting people's health at their workplaces, their wealth, and work capacity, as well as in preventing work accidents. BOHS should be approachable for any employee fair, efficient, cost-effective, and guaranteed by the public authorities. ILO/WHO started to shape Global Public health policy by launching the “Health for All” strategy in 1977. This strategy spelled out the key target for a global health policy for the rest of the 20th century as follows: “by the year 2000 all people in all countries should have a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life”. In 2003-2005, the Committee on Occupational Safety and Health of ILO called for the development of Occupational Health Services as part of the National Program for Occupational Safety and Health, emphasizing that the development of occupational health services is a component of the National Occupational Safety and Health System. Likewise, the BOHS was recognized as a step towards implementing ILO Conventions no 161 (1985) and the new ILO Global Strategy on Safety and Health at Work, which were adopted by the 92nd ILO conference in 2004. Conclusions. Training human resources in the field, producing professionals, is the fundamental condition for ensuring quality and performance of this service. In addition, WHO/ILO have developed different occupational health services models depending on the health systems.
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