Is it time to eliminate the use of opioids in cardiac surgery?Central Message

• Michael C. Grant, MD, MSE,
• Giancarlo Suffredini, MD,
• Brian C. Cho, MD

Affiliations

Michael C. Grant, MD, MSE

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md; Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md; Address for reprints: Michael C. Grant, MD, MSE, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, Zayed 6208, Baltimore, MD 21287.

Giancarlo Suffredini, MD

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md

Brian C. Cho, MD

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md