Development of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional QSAR models of Indazole derivatives as TTK inhibitors having Anticancer potential

Abstract

The study aimed to explore the anticancer efficacy of indazole pharmacophore by analyzing a series of 109 derivatives of indazole as Tyrosine Threonine Kinase (TTK) inhibitors through quantitative activity relationship analysis using 2D and 3D QSAR techniques. The best 2D-QSAR model was generated by the MLR method, showing a high correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9512, and good internal (q2), and external (pred_r2) cross-validation regression coefficients of 0.8998, and 0.8661, respectively. The residual values were modest, indicating good agreement between the observed and predicted pIC50 values, which suggested that the chosen model was predictably accurate. The 3D QSAR model, built using the SWF kNN approach, displayed a high internal cross-validation regression coefficient (q2) of 0.9132. Essential structural features/considerations in developing indazole as prospective anticancer medicines have been suggested. The study provides a reliable and predictive model for the prediction of anticancer activity of indazole derivatives. The identified essential structural features/considerations may be useful for the development of prospective anticancer medicines.