Association Between Low Serum Albumin and Preoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

To investigate the association between albumin and preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA). This study enrolled 2133 patients. We created the receiver operator characteristic curve to determine the cut-off values for preoperative albumin (bromocresol green method) and DVT in TJA patients. We divided the patients into groups based on the albumin cut-off value and then assessed the risk factors in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. DVT occurred in 110 cases. The cut-off value for albumin was 37.2 g/L and the area under the curve was 0.611. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk for DVT before TJA in patients with albumin <37.2 g/L was increased by 1.99 times ( P = .001, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.34-2.97]); albumin of 30 to 37.2 g/L group and the albumin < 30 g/L group increased by 1.9 times ( P = .002, 95% CI [1.28-2.88]) and 3.25 times ( P = .015, 95% CI [1.26-8.4]), respectively. The patients in the albumin of 30 to 37.2 g/L and the albumin < 30 g/L group had 1.6 times ( P < .001, 95% CI [1.3-1.99] and 6.1 times ( P < .001, 95% CI [3.46-10.75]), respectively, higher risk of perioperative transfusion. Patients older than 69.5 years had a 3.8-fold increased risk of preoperative DVT ( P = .005, 95% CI [2.47-5.78]). Corticosteroid use had a 3 times higher risk of preoperative DVT ( P = .013, 95% CI [1.26-7.2]). We found that albumin < 37.2 g/L, patients older than 69.5 years, and corticosteroid use were independent risk factors for preoperative DVT in TJA patients. Additionally, the lower the preoperative albumin level, the greater the odds of preoperative DVT formation, and the higher the risk of perioperative transfusion.