Scientific Reports (Jan 2023)

Comparison of conventional and contemporary root canal disinfection protocols against bacteria, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

  • Theeb A. Alquria,
  • Rayyan A. Alfirdous,
  • Swati Gupta,
  • Mauro P. Santamaria,
  • Ingrid F. Santamaria,
  • Ana P. M. Gomes,
  • Naiara Tiradentes,
  • Eduardo G. Silva,
  • Frederico C. Martinho

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26855-y
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13, no. 1
pp. 1 – 9

Abstract

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Abstract This study devised a dual-species biofilm model to investigate bacteria, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) simultaneously, and compared the efficacy of conventional and contemporary disinfection protocols. Seventy single-rooted mandibular premolars were included. Fourteen teeth were negative control, and 56 teeth were infected with 3-week-old E. faecalis and E. coli GFP biofilm. Fourteen/56 teeth were positive control, with seven teeth processed for CLSM analysis and seven teeth sampled with paper points (PPs) and cryogenically ground for bacterial, LTA, and LPS analyses. Forty-two teeth were randomly divided into three groups: GWS (GentleWave system) + MIT (minimally invasive technique), PUI (passive ultrasonic irrigation) + CIT (conventional instrumentation technique), and XP-EF (XP-endo Finisher) + CIT (All, n = 14). Samples were collected before (s1) and after disinfection (s2) with PPs and after cryogenically ground (s3). CFUs were counted, and LTA and LPS were quantified with LTA-ELISA and LAL assay, respectively. XP-EF was as effective as PUI (p > 0.05). GWS + MIT was the most effective disinfection protocol against bacteria, LTA, and LPS (p < 0.05). In conclusion, PUI, XP-EF, and GWS were highly effective against bacteria, LTA, and LPS, with GWS being the most effective.