Comparison of intravenous magnesium sulphate and lidocaine for attenuation of cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in elective surgical patients at Zewditu Memorial Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Abstract

BackgroundLaryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are essential components of general anesthesia. But it is always associated with side effects called reflex cardiovascular responses. Many methods have been identified to attenuate these responses like intravenous lidocaine, deep inhalational anesthesia, vasodilators, intravenous magnesium sulphate even though therapeutic superiority remains understudied.MethodsAn institutional-based cohort study on 112 adult patients aged between 18-60 years was applied. 37 patients in the non-exposed group (Group N), 37 in the lidocaine group (Group L), and 38 in magnesium sulphate (Group M) were included. The hemodynamic parameters like heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure at various time points up to 7 minutes post-intubation were recorded and the effect of both drugs to reduce hemodynamic responses was compared. Parametric data were analyzed using ANOVA and nonparametric data using the Kuruska-Wallis H rank test. P-value ResultsIn all three groups, there was a statistically significant rise in heart rate and blood pressure from baseline. There was a statistically significant difference in mean heart rate throughout study minutes among the groups (pConclusionIn conclusion, prophylactic administration of magnesium sulphate and lidocaine was effective in attenuating hemodynamic responses to the stress effect of laryngoscopy and intubation. But based on our finding prophylaxis of magnesium sulphate is associated with a more favorable hemodynamic response.