Comparative study of bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant versus bupivacaine alone in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block

Abstract

Background: Skillful usage of adjuvants in peripheral nerve blocks can resolve the key issue of postoperative pain. This study was conducted to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant with bupivacaine in terms of the duration of analgesia (DOA), onset and duration of sensory and motor block. Materials and Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind trial consists of total 72 patients undergoing elective upper limb elective procedures, divided into two groups, 36 in each. Group-C received ultrasound-guided (USG) supraclavicular brachial plexus block using injection 0.25% bupivacaine 20 ml + 0.9% normal saline diluted to total 22 ml and Group D received USG supraclavicular brachial plexus block using injection 0.25% bupivacaine 20 ml + dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg diluted to total of 22 ml with 0.9% normal saline. The parameters recorded were onset and duration of sensory and motor block, DOA, and side effects. Results: In both the groups, demographic data were similar. Sensory and motor block onset was significantly shorter (P < 0.05) in Group D than Group C, while the duration of blocks and DOA was prolonged in Group D (P < 0.05). Intraoperative hemodynamics were significantly lower in Group D except in two patients, who had bradycardia and were treated. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in USG supraclavicular plexus block shortens the onset and prolongs the duration of sensory and motor block and DOA.

Keywords

• bupivacaine
• dexmedetomidine
• supraclavicular brachial plexus block
• ultrasound guided